Algae & Biofilm
Important for many grazers and herbivorous or omnivorous species.
Plankton
Zooplankton and phytoplankton support many small fish and filter feeders.
Insects & Worms
Common natural foods for many insectivorous and omnivorous freshwater fish.
Crustaceans & Mollusks
Important prey for many carnivorous marine and freshwater species.
Small Fish
Many predators shift toward fish prey as they grow.
Aquatic Plants
Some species consume plant tissue directly.
Commercial feeds
Food Formats
| Food | Typical use | Important note |
|---|---|---|
| Flakes | Surface/mid-water aquarium fish | Match particle size and diet. |
| Pellets | Many aquarium and farmed fish | Floating or sinking options exist. |
| Wafers | Bottom feeders | Useful for surface/substrate feeders. |
| Frozen foods | Carnivores/omnivores | Species suitability matters. |
| Freeze-dried foods | Supplemental feeding | Hydration and suitability matter. |
| Live foods | Specialist fish and fry | Biosecurity risks must be considered. |
Feeding behavior
How Fish Find Food
Surface feeding
Upward-facing mouths often exploit insects and floating particles.
Mid-water feeding
Open-water species intercept plankton or schooling prey.
Bottom feeding
Downward mouths and sensory systems help locate substrate food.
Filter feeding
Specialized structures strain plankton and suspended particles.
Feeding frequency and portion size must be species- and life-stage-specific. Avoid assuming a generic schedule fits every fish.